突然両親の家がゴミ屋敷に!!もしかして認知症の始まり?
テレビでゴミ屋敷の映像を見たことがありますか？世の中にはどうしても「片付けができない人」や「物を捨てられない人」が多く存在します。
もちろん環境や性格などが要因としてあげられますが、では急にそのような状態になった場合はどうでしょう？？
「久々に両親の家を訪ねたら、服が散乱し、食べた後の物がそのまま放置されている」
といった事もちらほら耳にします。
両親の性格を知っているだけに、予想もしなかった出来事が起こった時、私たちはどうすべきなのでしょうか。
目次
ゴミをため込んでしまう原因とは？
①両親の気力や体力の衰え
年を重ねると誰でも気力や体力は低下してしまいます。
老化といえば一言で終わってしまいますが、忙しく過ごす時間が少なくなってしまう事で、気を張っている時間が減り、体力だけではなく、精神力も弱ってしまう事もあるでしょう。
また、外出の機会も減り、家で過ごす時間が多くなると、動くことも億劫に感じてしまい、物を片付けず近くに置いておくと便利という風に感じてしまいます。
その結果、生活スペースの周りだけに物が集まっているといったケースも、高齢者には多くみられます。
②認知症や精神疾患を患っている
症状にもよりますが、認知症や精神疾患を患っていると、判断能力が低下し、ゴミが溜まっても気にならなくなってしまいます。
物事の優先順位がつけられなくなり、集中力が続かないといった理由から捨てられないといったケースもあります。
認知症の方ですと、ゴミかどうかの区別がつかなくなったり、統合失調症の方は、「これは宝物だから」といった、本人にしかわからない理由があるようです。
③「もったいない」症候群
「物を粗末にしない」といった価値観で育ってきた方々は、古くなってもまだ使えるものや、不要と思えるものであっても「もったいない」と感じやすく、捨てることに罪悪感を抱いてしまいます。
その結果、それらの物にたいし、孤独や不安を、「物を大切にする」といった心理が働き、宝物のように感じ、片付けようとすると、怒り出すようなケースもあります。
ゴミをため込んでしまうとおこる問題は？
①病気や体調不良になってしまいます。
掃除をしない家では、ハウスダストやカビ、ダニやハエ、ゴキブリなど、害虫が大量発生してしまい、とても不衛生な環境となってしまいます。
こういった環境が健康状態を悪化させてしまいます。
②転倒などの原因となります。
ゴミが床に散乱してしまうと、足の踏み場がなく、転倒の可能性が高まります。
自宅での転倒で救急搬送される高齢者は、６５才以上になると急激にアップしています。
③ご近所トラブル
ゴミが家の中に収まりきらず、共用スペースや沿道まではみ出している場合は、トラブルになりかねない状態です。
さらには害虫や悪臭が発生している場合は、自治体に通報されたり、管理組合からの注意を受けることとなり、最悪、撤去を求められるケースもあります。
ゴミの溜め込みを改善するには？
両親のゴミ屋敷化を防ぐためにはどうすればいいのでしょうか。
原因がわからないままこちらで片付けたとしても、恐らく、また同じことが繰り返されてしまいます。
まずは原因を探り、コミュニケーションやスキンシップを図っていきましょう。
① 両親のプライドを尊重する
ゴミや不要な物をため込んでいるのには、その人なりの理由があるものです。いきなり「汚いから」「壊れているから」とポイポイ捨てるのではなく、まずは置いている理由や、その思い出などがあれば、丁寧に聞いてあげましょう。
頭ごなしに怒ったりせず、本人のプライドを尊重して、丁寧な聞き取りが、第一歩になるのではないでしょうか。
②心配している気持ちを素直に伝える。
照れくさいかもしれませんが、両親には安心して暮らしてほしいと、心から思っていることを素直に伝えましょう。
そのために、「危ないから」「体に良くないから」と、一緒に片づけを始めることで、「自分の事を思ってくれている」と感じてもらうことができれば、少しでも前向きに片付けに対しての意欲が出てくるのではないでしょうか。
③状況によって解決策を考える。
全ての事が１日で解決するわけではありません。上記のようにいかない場合や、ゴミを宝物のように固執している場合もあります。
孤独感や不安感からきているのであれば、片付けよりも、まずは孤独や不安を別の形で埋められるよう、柔軟に進めていきましょう。
手の付けようがないなら、プロに任せるのも、方法です。
その場合でも、その後の関わり方で、変化がおきるケースもあります。また、市町村の行政サービスではゴミ出しの支援制度もあり、自治体や福祉関係が窓口になっているので、相談する事もできます。
再発をさせないためには？
根本的な原因が解決しない以上、例えゴミを捨て、きれいに片付いたとしても、また同じことが繰り返されてしまうでしょう。
他人から見ればゴミでしかない物も、本人にとっては代えがたい「安心できる宝物」です。
「安心できる宝物」を廃棄してもらうには、本人に「それを捨てよう」という考えになってもらわなければなりません。
そのためには本人の心理を理解する必要があります。
時間がかかるかもしれませんし、簡単には手に入らないかもしれません。
それでも、信頼関係や安心できる存在になることができれば、ゴミをゴミとして受け入れられるようになるのではないでしょうか。
まとめ
高齢者や障害者の方々のゴミ屋敷化を防ぐための支援には、ただ片付ければいいというものではありません。
色んな原因や、心理状況が働き、本当はそのような状態にはなりたくないはずです。
両親の家へ訪問した時、もしそのような兆候が見られたなら、せっせと片付けるのではなく、まずはコミュニケーションをしっかりと取り、不安や孤独感を解消できるようなアプローチから始めるといいのかもしれません。
それができない場合でも、近隣の方や高齢の方なら介護保険サービスを利用し、人との関わりを持つところから、孤独感を解消するのも一つの手段と言えるでしょう。
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
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