家族が認知症と診断されても大丈夫!?
高齢者数の増加に伴って、今後の認知症患者数はますます増加していくことが予想されています。
大切な家族が認知症になった時に、私たちはどのようなことに気をつけて接していくことが望ましいのでしょうか。
認知症を知ることは、利用者や家族を知ることと大きな関係があります。
医療や福祉においては、「cure（キュア）」と「care（ケア）」という言葉が用いられることがあります。
医療においては「病気の治療をする＝キュア」が主体ですが、介護においては「その人らしさを尊重する＝ケア」が主体となっています。
認知症になってもその人らしい生活を送っていけるようにサポートしていくためには、認知症に関する正しい理解と知識が必要になります。
認知症になっても、その人らしい人生の実現は可能なのです。
目次
認知症の基礎知識
認知症とは、年齢とともに物忘れが多くなっていくことではありません。
脳がダメージを受けることによって記憶・思考・判断・言語などのさまざまな機能が低下して、日常生活に支障をきたす状態になることです。
認知症は、「アルツハイマー型認知症」「レビー小体型認知症」「前頭側頭型認知症」「脳血管性認知症」の大きく4種類に分類されています。
認知症の種類によっては進行が抑えられる場合もあるので、早期発見が望ましいでしょう。
物忘れの回数が増えてきた場合や、これまでとは違う行動が目につくようになってきたら、一度相談に行かれるのもおすすめです。
その人の思いに寄り添う
認知症になると、見当識障害・幻覚などさまざまな症状が現れることがあります。
これまでと異なる様子に、家族としてどのように接していけばいいのか戸惑うこともあるでしょう。
介護に「正解」はありませんが、どのようにすればスムーズに対処できるのかという「ポイント」を知っておくと、お互いに距離感を保ちながら良好な関係の構築ができるでしょう。
最も大切にしてほしいことは、信頼関係を築くことです。
「正しいか正しくないか」ではなく、「受容」と「共感」がポイントとなります。
そのためにはコミュニケーションが不可欠で、相手の思いにしっかりと耳を傾けながら話を聞く「傾聴」が大切です。
決して否定はせずに、相手の思いに心を寄せながら関わっていくといいでしょう。
社会との接点が少なくなってきたら
認知症による意欲の低下などによって自宅に引きこもりがちになったり、身だしなみに気を使わなくなったりすることが増えることで社会との接点が極端に少なくなることもあります。
その理由のひとつに「身体機能の低下」があります。
例えば「レビー小体型認知症」では、筋肉が硬くなって手足を動かしにくくなる・つまずきやすくなるなどの身体症状が現れる場合もあります。
このような症状は早めの受診が望ましいので、体調や身体面の変化に早めに気づいてあげることが大切です。
認知症によって、うつ状態・絶望感・これまで楽しんでいたことに興味を示さなくなってきた場合には、家族や周囲が声かけを行うなどのサポートが必要になります。
身だしなみを整えてあげる・買い物に連れ出す・一緒に散歩に行くなどの自然な形で外出するきっかけを作るようにするといいでしょう。
サークル活動や介護予防教室など、家族以外の人と接する機会が増えるように声かけをするのもおすすめです。
困った時は
さまざまな対処法で日常生活を乗りきってきたものの、今後の生活の維持・継続について考えるとどうしても解決できない悩みや問題が生じることもあるかもしれません。
その人らしさを優先するがゆえに、周囲がへとへとになってしまっては本末転倒です。
そんな時は、ぜひ迷わずに相談してください。
世の中には「介護」を職業としている「介護のプロフェッショナル」が数多く存在しています。
適切なサポートを受けることで、本人と家族が笑顔で過ごしていけるヒントが見つかるかもしれません。
認知症になってもその人らしい人生を送っていけるように、私たちがしっかりとサポートします！
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
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