【高齢者の事故多発の場!】お風呂でヒヤリ?!対策をして安全に!
いい湯だな～と誰もが大好きなお風呂の時間。そんなお風呂ですが、高齢者の方にとって実は危険がいっぱい潜むもの。お風呂でヒヤリとした経過を持つ人も多いはず。お風呂場での事故を防ぐためにこの記事を読んでで潜むリスクを認識しておきましょう。
目次
原因はこんなものが
実際にどんな場面や環境での事故が多いのでしょうか。
- 浴槽で溺れ、溺死（ヒートショック）
- 洗い場/脱衣所での転倒骨折
- 火傷
- 脱水症
・浴槽で溺れ、溺死（ヒートショック）
⇒肌寒い脱衣所から、暖かい浴槽の中の室温の差は、大きな血圧変動を促します。
肌特に室温の差は10度の差があることも。そのため、寒いとキュッと身が締まりますが、血管でも同じことが起きているのです。
服を脱ぎ寒い脱衣所にいると、血管が締まり血液の流れる道が細くなります。
そして浴槽へ入ると、温まるので締まった血管は緩みます。結果これが大きな血圧の変動となり脳や心臓に負担がかかります。
ただでさえ、高齢の方の血管は若い方に比べて、もろいもの。また、血液の流れを調節する機能も衰えています。
失神してしまう⇒浴槽で溺死、脳卒中になる、急性の心臓疾患を引き起こす⇒そのまま死に繋がるといった怖いことが起きてきます。ヒートショックとは、急な温度変化で身体に起きる、悪い影響のことを指します。
気温の寒い冬には特に注意が必要ですが、いつでも留意する必要があります。
☆対策☆
・かけ湯をする
・脱衣所に暖房器具を用意しておく
・洗い場/脱衣所での転倒骨折等の外傷
⇒脱衣所は更衣時にかがんだりと、体勢が崩れやすい動作をする場所。
最近では手すりがついている物件もありますが、ない場合には、衣類に足をひっかけて転倒してしまうことも。
また、水の残った床に足元を取られても転倒される方が多くいます。洗い場も水が残っているため危険です。
頭部打撲や骨折等と大事故に繋がるため、転倒予防の対策が必要です。
☆対策☆
・浴室に滑り止めのマットを敷く
・入浴前後に床を拭く、バスマットを小まめ取り換える
・火傷
⇒水温調整のない蛇口の場合、皮膚が弱くなってしまった、また知覚が鈍くなってしまった高齢者の方、高温のシャワーを浴び、火傷をしてしまうことがあります。
特に家族が入浴介助をする時は注意が必要です。気づいたら要介護者の足に高温のお湯がかかっていたということもあります。わずか50度以上の湯温でも火傷につながることがあります。
☆対策☆
・湯温調節のできるシャワーにする
・浴槽の水から身体を洗い、かけ湯は別に用意しておく。
・脱水症
⇒高齢者の方はトイレが近くなるのを面倒だと感じ、水分摂取を控えがちになる方もいるようです。
特に冬はこの傾向にあります。
また、もともと水分摂取を習慣としていない方や、水分が失われやすい夏は注意しましょう。入浴をした場合、発汗しているものの、一見、入浴による潤いからそこまで脱水していないような印象をうけるかもしれません。
☆対策☆
・入浴前後に水分をコップ1杯ずつ飲む
・浴槽につかるのは10分程度にする
今日からはじめてホット安心お風呂タイムを
今日から取り組むことができ、お風呂での事故予防につながる取り組みをご紹介します。
家族と同居の方はもちろん、おひとり暮らしの方でも有効な対策です。今日からやってみましょう。
・脱衣所に温度計を設置。入浴前に暖房器具で脱衣所を温めておく。（18℃以上に設定）
・浴槽の蓋を空けておく、暖かいシャワーを出したままにする等で浴室を温める。
・普段から血圧を測ることを習慣とする（特に高血圧や循環器系疾患ある方）
・血圧が高い時はシャワーや身体を拭くことに留める(*1)
・入浴前に、家族や同居の方に入浴することを伝え。時間が経過しても出てこないことがないように見守りをお願いする
・浴室のカギは空けておく
・訪問介護職員の訪問時間内に入浴する
・入眠導入剤等、眠気の起きる薬の内服後や飲酒後の入浴はしない
・入浴前後に、コップ1杯ずつ水やお茶の摂取をする。
・浴槽の湯温を38~40℃に保つ
・浴槽に入る前に、足にかけ湯をする
(*1)高血圧とは診察室で測った血圧のうち値の上かしたかが、（収縮期血圧/拡張期血圧）140/90mmHg以上である場合、または両方上回る場合に高血圧と言います。しかし、値の平均値や疾患等にも正常値は左右されるので、かかりつけの医師に確認しましょう。どのような場合に入浴（浴槽につかること）を控えるべきかを確認します。
まとめ
ヒートショックをはじめとした、入浴に関連する事故は高齢者にとって、非常に危険なものです。
楽しい入浴の時間を楽しむためにも、安全を考慮した対策を取りましょう。
少しでも入浴することに不安を感じたら介護の専門家に相談してみるのも手です。お一人で生活する方にも、安心できる環境作りのための相談にも乗ってもらえます。
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
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