高齢者に多い難病とは?
両親が聞いたことのない病気にかかってしまいました。
「難病」という言葉を聞いたことがありますか？
現在、日本では３３３種類もの「指定難病」というものが存在しています。
難病という文字からして治りにくい病気の事では？と感じると思いますが、昔でいう「不治の病」と言われてきた病気の事です。
中には「特定疾患」と呼ばれるものや、高齢になるにつれて発症する病気もあるため、今回は両親や高齢者と関わる上で知っておくべき「難病」について説明します。
目次
難病とは？
「難病」とは、病気の原因が不明で、治療方法も確立しておらず慢性の経過をたどり、長期の療養を必要とする病気の総称です。しかし完治はしないものの、適切な治療や薬の服用を続ければ、時に軽快する事もあり、自己管理をきっちりと行えば普通に生活ができる状態の疾患も多くなってきています。また、調査研究や患者支援も推進されています。
希少な疾病であり、人口の概ね1/1000（0.1％）に相当する数と厚生労働省に規定されており、難病の中でも以下の要件を満たしたものを「指定難病」といい、医療費助成を受ける事ができます。
指定難病の要件
・患者数が本邦において一定の人数に達しないこと
・客観的な診断基準（又はそれに準ずるもの）が確立していること
指定難病についての一覧はこちらをご覧ください。
難病情報センター
特定疾患とは？
特定疾病とは、心身の病的加齢現象との医学的関係があると考えられる疾病です。
次のいずれの要件を満たすものについて総合的に勘案し、加齢に伴って生ずる心身の変化に起因し要介護状態の原因である心身の障害を生じさせると認められる疾病である。
１） ６５歳以上の高齢者に多く発生しているが、４０歳以上６５歳未満の年齢層においても発生が認められる等、罹患率や有病率（類似の指標を含む。）等について加齢との関係が認められる疾病であって、その医学的概念を明確に定義できるもの。
２） ３～６ヶ月以上継続して要介護状態又は要支援状態となる割合が高いと考えられる疾病。
高齢者に多い指定難病とは？
高齢になるにつれて、病気の発症リスクは上がります。
ここでは特に発症しやすいとされる指定難病を紹介します。
・パーキンソン病
振戦（ふるえ）、動作緩慢、筋強剛（筋固縮）、姿勢保持障害（転びやすいこと）を主な運動症状とする病気で、50歳以上で起こる病気です。
大脳の下にある中脳の黒質ドパミン神経細胞が減少して起こります。
ドパミン神経が減ると体が動きにくくなり、ふるえが起こりやすくなります。
ドパミン神経細胞が減少する理由はわかっていません。
・脊髄小脳変性症（せきずいしょうのうへんせいしょう）
歩行時のふらつきや、手の震え、ろれつが回らないなどを症状とする神経の病気です。
動かすことは出来るのに、上手に動かすことが出来ないという症状です。主に小脳という、後頭部の下側にある脳の一部が病気になったときに現れる症状です。
脊髄小脳変性症は一つの病気ではなく、この運動失調症状をきたす変性による病気の総称です。
よって、その病気の原因も様々です。
遺伝性の病気の多くは原因となる遺伝子と、その異常が判明しています。
現在は、その病因遺伝子の働きや、病気になるメカニズムに応じて病気の治療方法が研究されています。
・多発性硬化症（たはつせいこうかしょう）
多発性硬化症は中枢神経系の脱髄疾患の一つです。
私達の神経活動は神経細胞から出る細い電線のような神経の線を伝わる電気活動によってすべて行われています。
家庭の電線がショートしないようにビニールのカバー（絶縁体）によって被われているように、神経の線も髄鞘というもので被われています。
この髄鞘が壊れて中の電線がむき出しになる病気が脱髄疾患（だつずいしっかん）です。
この脱髄が斑状にあちこちにできることを脱髄斑といいます。
病気が再発を繰り返すのが多発性硬化症（MS）です。
はっきりした原因はまだ分かっていませんが、自己免疫説が有力です。
私達の身体は、細菌やウイルスなどの外敵から守られているのですが、その主役が白血球やリンパ球など、これらのリンパ球などが自分の脳や脊髄を攻撃するようになることがあり、それがMSの原因ではないかと考えられています。
・筋萎縮性側索硬化症（きんいしゅくせいそくさくこうかしょう）
筋萎縮性側索硬化症（ALS）とは、手足・のど・舌の筋肉や呼吸に必要な筋肉がだんだんやせて力がなくなっていく病気です。
しかし、筋肉そのものの病気ではなく、筋肉を動かし、かつ運動をつかさどる神経（運動ニューロン）だけが障害をうけます。
その結果、脳から「手足を動かせ」という命令が伝わらなくなることにより、力が弱くなり、筋肉がやせていきます。
その一方で、体の感覚、視力や聴力、内臓機能などはすべて保たれることが普通です。
原因は不明ですが、神経の老化と関連があるといわれています。
さらには興奮性アミノ酸の代謝に異常があるとの学説や活性酸素・フリーラジカル（偏った食事や不健康な生活で過剰に作り出され、細胞を傷つける）の関与があるとの様々な学説がありますが、結論は出ていません。
・類天疱瘡（るいてんぽうそう）
類天疱瘡（後天性表皮水疱症を含む。）は、皮膚の表皮と真皮の境にある基底膜部のタンパクに対する 自己抗体 により、皮膚や粘膜に水疱（水ぶくれ）やびらん、紅斑（赤い皮疹）を生じる自己免疫性水疱症です。
この病気は水疱性類天疱瘡、粘膜類天疱瘡、後天性表皮水疱症に大別されます。
水疱性類天疱瘡は表皮と真皮の境にある基底膜に存在する自己抗体（自分自身を攻撃してしまう抗体）ができることによっておきる病気です。
このような自己抗体が作られる詳しい原因は、まだわかっていません。
粘膜類天疱瘡は主に眼粘膜や口腔粘膜に水疱やびらんが生じますが、のどや鼻、陰部、肛囲の粘膜が侵されることもあります。びらんが上皮化した後に瘢痕（きずあと）を残すことがあります。
後天性表皮水疱症は四肢の外力のかかる部位を中心に水疱やびらんを生じることが多いく、上皮化した後に瘢痕を残したり、爪の脱落が見られることもあります。
家族としての関わり方
難病と診断され、一番苦しむのはやはり診断された本人です。
もしそれが自分の両親だったら、その苦しんでいる様子を見る私達も本当につらいと思います。
しかし、病気はお医者さんに診てもらうとして、家族だからこそできる事もたくさんあります。
・病気に対する正しい知識を持つ事。
・本人の話を聞き、勇気づける事。
・本人の苦しみを聞き、共に「共感」する事。
・支援者は一人で抱え込まず、協力体制を整える。
難病を患う事は決して本人だけの問題ではありません。
したがって、その配偶者や子供、親戚にいたるまで、たくさんの人が関わる事で、病気や生活に対する不安を和らげることができるのではないでしょうか。
一番近くの親族だからといって、一人で関わると、精神的負担も重なってしまいます。
できるだけ家族みんなで支えあい、協力体制を作る事が重要です。
まとめ
冒頭でも話した通り、難病は原因がわからず、完治もしない、療養には時間がかかり、身体的にも精神的にも苦痛を伴う病気です。病気の診断を告げられ、平静でいられる人はおそらくいません。
そして時には軽快し普通の日常生活を送る事ができるようになっても、いつまた症状が現れるかわからない不安を抱えながら、生活していかなければなりません。
つまり、難病とは「治す」よりも「どう付き合っていくか」と思う事が重要です。一生付き合っていくしかないと感じる事が出来た時、初めて病気を受け入れる事ができるのではないでしょうか。
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
oral tadalafil cialis 10mg over the counter over the counter erectile dysfunction pills
Thank you for the good writeup. It in fact was a amusement account it. Look advanced to more added agreeable from you! By the way, how could we communicate?
https://pih.architecimage.com/category/uncategorized/ – Uncategorized
https://f.kysec.info/fisting-a-latigazos-completos-en-la-concha-garganta-profunda-y-anal/ – 1K 28:26 0% FISTING A LATIGAZOS COMPLETOS EN LA CONCHA GARGANTA PROFUNDA Y ANAL
https://q.samgo.dev/fr/video/2705852733041628853/ – 1:02
Wow, incredible blog layout! How long have you been running a blog
for? you made running a blog glance easy. The overall glance of your site
is great, as well as the content! You can see similar here sklep internetowy
It’s wonderful that you are getting ideas from this piece of writing as well as from our argument made here.
There is apparently a bunch to know about this. I feel you made some good points in features also.
Youre so cool! I dont suppose Ive learn something like this before. So good to find someone with some authentic thoughts on this subject. realy thank you for beginning this up. this web site is one thing that’s needed on the net, someone with a little originality. useful job for bringing something new to the web!
Thank you for the sensible critique. Me & my neighbor were just preparing to do a little research about this. We got a grab a book from our area library but I think I learned more clear from this post. I’m very glad to see such fantastic information being shared freely out there.
I’ll immediately seize your rss feed as I can’t find your e-mail subscription hyperlink or e-newsletter service. Do you have any? Kindly permit me know so that I may subscribe. Thanks.
I have been exploring for a bit for any high-quality articles or weblog posts on this kind of house . Exploring in Yahoo I eventually stumbled upon this site. Reading this information So i am satisfied to express that I have a very good uncanny feeling I came upon just what I needed. I most certainly will make certain to don?¦t put out of your mind this web site and provides it a look on a continuing basis.
You are my aspiration, I own few web logs and very sporadically run out from to post .
What i don’t realize is actually how you are not actually much more well-liked than you might be now. You’re very intelligent. You realize thus considerably relating to this subject, made me personally consider it from numerous varied angles. Its like men and women aren’t fascinated unless it’s one thing to do with Lady gaga! Your own stuffs outstanding. Always maintain it up!
I love studying and I conceive this website got some genuinely utilitarian stuff on it! .
An interesting discussion is worth comment. I think that you should write more on this topic, it might not be a taboo subject but generally people are not enough to speak on such topics. To the next. Cheers
Some truly interesting information, well written and broadly user friendly.
As I website possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling magnificent , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Good Luck.
hello there and thank you for your information – I have definitely picked up something new from right here. I did however expertise some technical issues using this site, since I experienced to reload the web site many times previous to I could get it to load properly. I had been wondering if your web hosting is OK? Not that I’m complaining, but sluggish loading instances times will sometimes affect your placement in google and can damage your high quality score if ads and marketing with Adwords. Anyway I’m adding this RSS to my email and can look out for a lot more of your respective intriguing content. Make sure you update this again soon..
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention.
I am not certain the place you are getting your information, however good topic. I needs to spend a while studying more or understanding more. Thanks for fantastic info I was searching for this info for my mission.
FitSpresso is a weight loss supplement designed for individuals dealing with stubborn body fat.
As a Newbie, I am always exploring online for articles that can benefit me. Thank you
Hola! I’ve been following your web site for some time now and finally got the bravery to go ahead and give you a shout out from Austin Tx! Just wanted to tell you keep up the fantastic job!
You really make it appear really easy together with your presentation however I find this matter to be really one thing that I feel I would never understand. It sort of feels too complicated and extremely broad for me. I’m taking a look ahead for your subsequent submit, I’ll try to get the cling of it!
FitSpresso is a natural weight loss supplement crafted from organic ingredients, offering a safe and side effect-free solution for reducing body weight.
Hello there, I found your web site via Google while looking for a related topic, your website came up, it looks great. I’ve bookmarked it in my google bookmarks.
Very interesting topic, appreciate it for posting. “What passes for optimism is most often the effect of an intellectual error.” by Raymond Claud Ferdinan Aron.
My coder is trying to persuade me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on numerous websites for about a year and am worried about switching to another platform. I have heard great things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it? Any help would be greatly appreciated!
I like this web site because so much utile stuff on here : D.
Hello very cool website!! Man .. Excellent .. Amazing .. I will bookmark your website and take the feeds additionally…I’m satisfied to seek out numerous helpful info right here in the publish, we’d like work out more techniques on this regard, thank you for sharing.
Please let me know if you’re looking for a article author for your blog. You have some really good articles and I feel I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of the load off, I’d love to write some material for your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please send me an email if interested. Thank you!
What Is Exactly Emperor’s Vigor Tonic? Emperor’s Vigor Tonic is a clinically researched natural male health formula that contains a proprietary blend of carefully selected ingredients.
I cling on to listening to the newscast speak about receiving free online grant applications so I have been looking around for the most excellent site to get one. Could you advise me please, where could i find some?
I love your blog.. very nice colors & theme. Did you create this website yourself? Plz reply back as I’m looking to create my own blog and would like to know wheere u got this from. thanks
Nice blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A design like yours with a few simple adjustements would really make my blog jump out. Please let me know where you got your theme. Thank you
Some really nice and utilitarian info on this web site, also I believe the pattern has excellent features.
I am glad to be one of several visitors on this great internet site (:, appreciate it for posting.
Good info. Lucky me I reach on your website by accident, I bookmarked it.
Enjoyed examining this, very good stuff, thankyou.
FitSpresso: An Outline FitSpresso is a weight management formula made using five herbal ingredients.
Hi there! This post couldn’t be written any better! Reading through this post reminds me of my previous room mate! He always kept talking about this. I will forward this article to him. Pretty sure he will have a good read. Thank you for sharing!
Sweet blog! I found it while surfing around on Yahoo News. Do you have any suggestions on how to get listed in Yahoo News? I’ve been trying for a while but I never seem to get there! Many thanks
Great site. Lots of helpful info here. I am sending it to a few pals ans also sharing in delicious. And obviously, thank you on your effort!
Well I definitely enjoyed studying it. This information offered by you is very useful for good planning.
Hey! Would you mind if I share your blog with my twitter group? There’s a lot of folks that I think would really appreciate your content. Please let me know. Cheers
Explore new realms in our online MMORPGs! Lucky Cola
Lottery Defeater Software: What is it? Lottery Defeater Software is a completely automated plug-and-play lottery-winning software. The Lottery Defeater software was developed by Kenneth.
What Is Neotonics? Neotonics is a skin and gut supplement made of 500 million units of probiotics and 9 potent natural ingredients to support optimal gut function and provide healthy skin.
What Is Wealth Signal? Wealth Signal isn’t just a financial tool; it’s a new way of thinking about and achieving wealth. Unlike traditional methods that focus on external strategies, Wealth Signal emphasizes changing your internal mindset.
What is ProvaDent? ProvaDent is a cutting-edge dental support supplement crafted by Adem Naturals. It integrates the BioFresh™ Clean Complex and a sophisticated oral probiotic complex to rejuvenate the oral microbiome.
I think this is among the most important information for me. And i’m glad reading your article. But wanna remark on some general things, The site style is great, the articles is really great : D. Good job, cheers
Wow! This could be one particular of the most beneficial blogs We have ever arrive across on this subject. Basically Excellent. I am also a specialist in this topic therefore I can understand your hard work.
Tonic Greens: An Overview Introducing Tonic Greens, an innovative immune support supplement meticulously crafted with potent antioxidants, essential minerals, and vital vitamins.
I am impressed with this site, really I am a fan.
You are a very clever person!
Yeah bookmaking this wasn’t a bad decision great post! .
You got a very superb website, Gladiolus I observed it through yahoo.
You completed certain nice points there. I did a search on the matter and found nearly all folks will go along with with your blog.
It’s really a cool and useful piece of info. I am happy that you just shared this useful information with us. Please keep us up to date like this. Thank you for sharing.
This web site is my aspiration, real good design and perfect written content.
Hmm is anyone else encountering problems with the pictures on this blog loading? I’m trying to determine if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog. Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
Howdy, i read your blog occasionally and i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get a lot of spam feedback? If so how do you reduce it, any plugin or anything you can suggest? I get so much lately it’s driving me insane so any help is very much appreciated.
This is very fascinating, You’re an excessively skilled blogger. I have joined your rss feed and stay up for in search of extra of your wonderful post. Also, I have shared your site in my social networks!
I¦ve read several excellent stuff here. Definitely value bookmarking for revisiting. I wonder how a lot attempt you put to create this sort of fantastic informative web site.
It is perfect time to make some plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I’ve read this post and if I could I want to suggest you few interesting things or tips. Perhaps you can write next articles referring to this article. I desire to read more things about it!
Those are yours alright! . We at least need to get these people stealing images to start blogging! They probably just did a image search and grabbed them. They look good though!
Hello there! Do you know if they make any plugins to help with Search Engine Optimization? I’m trying to get my website to rank for some targeted keywords but
I’m not seeing very good gains. If you know of any please share.
Many thanks! You can read similar art here: Wool product
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great. I do not know who you are but definitely you’re going to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!