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(全編)【介護負担にお悩みの方必見】世帯分離ってなんですか?
世帯分離と言う言葉を聞いたことはありますか?不景気と呼ばれる世の中続くなか、介護が必要な家族が居る方で経済的にお悩みを持つ人も少なくないはず。この記事では世帯分離をテーマとし、介護負担を少しでも減らしたいとお考えの方にお届けいたします。
目次
世帯分離ってなんですか?教えてください
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世帯分離とは、同じ住所(家や敷地内)に一緒に住んではいる家族が、住民票においての世帯を分けること(分離)を指します。
介護サービスの自己負担額は
「本人の所得」
「世帯全体の所得」
とそれぞれ上記の二つので決まるパターンが存在します。
世帯をわけることによって負担額が異なることはここで想像がつ方もいらっしゃることでしょう。
ではここで例を挙げます。
AさんとAさんの夫、Aさんの母(要介護2)と3人暮らしの同世帯の家庭があったとします。
世帯分離をし、Aさんの母が単独世帯という手続きを踏むと、Aさんの母の所得のみですべての介護費用の負担額が決まってくることとなります。
年金収入とこれまでに貯蓄していた資産で介護費用を負担することになるため、家計の費用負担も分離されます。
単独世帯になるため、家計も明確になると言えます。
基本的にAさんの母の年金収入に住民税はかからない(非課税)ことが考えられます。
すると世帯分離によって、所得のある一般の方よりは介護サービスにかかる負担が減る可能性があると言えますね。
介護保険負担軽減のための世帯分離って違法ではないの?
![](https://kaigo-sodan.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/picture_pc_45c1da29914b7de6d6a97328046054cb.webp)
「介護保険負担軽減のために世帯分離をすることは、違法なんですか?」と言った疑問を持たれる方は少なくないようです。
単刀直入な答えは、世帯分離は「違法ではない」ということです。しかし、本来の世帯分離の目的は介護保険の負担を軽減させることではありません。
うまく利用することで介護費用の節約につなげることができますが、介護保険は国の大切な社会保険制度であることも忘れてはいけません。
社会保険制度は全国民がお互いを助け合う目的に存在します。
今回の介護保険負担の点から見れば、介護に置ける世帯分離は「制度を利用しないと生活が苦しい方」を守るための手段と考えます。
生活に余裕のあるかたは、「家計が得するから」と裏技のように活用するのは考えものです。
【デメリットとメリット】みんな世帯分離をするのがいいのですか?
![](https://kaigo-sodan.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/picture_pc_e26243196b6703efe20c51a1f190b80e.webp)
ではここで、世帯分離のメリットとデメリットについても考えていきましょう。
世帯分離を検討される方は、メリットとデメリットの双方を考え、いずれも踏まえた上で手続きに進みましょう。介護負担が一見楽に見えても、他の点で支払わなければならないお金が増えることもあるからです。
世帯分離のメリット
世帯分離をすることで、次のようなメリットが発生する場合があります。
先に出てきたAさんのご家庭を例に説明していきます。
Aさん50代→パート年収100万円
Aさん夫50代→自営業年収250万円
Aさん母70代→年金のみ
①施設入所費用など費用の負担割合を軽減となるため節約できる場合がある
②65歳以上の方の場合、介護保険料が安くなることがある
メリット①施設入所費用など費用の負担割合を軽減となるため節約できる場合がある
・世帯や個人の収入により介護費用や保険料は異なってきます。例えばAさんの母の収入は年金のみなので、世帯分離をすることによって「介護負担割合」は1割になります。世帯が一緒の場合は世帯年収により1~3割負担になるため、大きな変化が見られます。
・介護費用の上限も課税世帯は44000円ですが、住民税非課税世帯であれば24600円です。2万円以上もの差が見られます。これは介護保険を利用する際に利用者の負担額が高額になった場合に利用できる、「高額介護サービス費制度」と呼ばれるサービスのことを指します。高額介護サービス費は、その月に支払う介護保険の自己負担の上限があります。その額以上に利用者が負担した場合、上限を超えた金額は申請により後から利用者に返還されることとなります。その自己負担の上限は所得により異なってくるため、、所得が低いほど自己負担の上限も低くなると言えるのです。
・国民健康・後期高齢者医療の保険料は世帯の年収により算定されるため年収が低ければ低いほど保険料も安くなる可能性があります。
・老人ホーム費用も世帯分離をすることで、個室代や食費が安くなったりとの変化がみられる場合があります。
メリット➁65歳以上の方の場合、介護保険料が安くなることがある
65歳以上の人は住居のある市区町村に介護保険料を納めます。
その金額は個人の所得に加え、世帯員の課税状況によって算定されます。
ここでは高知県高松市の例で見ていきます。保険料の決め方(第1号被保険者)|高松市
Aさんの母本人が非課税の場合は23,900円で済みますが、本人非課税、世帯員課税(AさんとAさん夫の収入が80万円超え)の場合は79,600円と大きな差が見られます。約3倍強の差があることがお分かりいただけるでしょう。
世帯分離のデメリット
世帯分離をすることで、次のようなメリットが発生する場合があります。
①国民健康保険料などの負担が増える場合がある
②介護サービス費の合算ができずに高くなってしまうこともあります。
③家族(子)の社会保険による扶養に入れなくなってしまう
デメリット①国民健康保険料などの負担が増える場合がある
世帯分離をして世帯の所得を減らすとで保険料が減額されてしまう可能性があります。経済が2つに分かれことで平等割がどちらの世帯にもかかってしまうことを覚えておく必要があります。
結果、全体として保険料が増えてしまうことがあります。世帯分離を想定した健康保険の計算は難しいものです。家庭個々の状況に合わせ大きく変わるので、お住いの市町村の窓口で相談してみましょう。
デメリット②介護サービス費の合算ができずに高くなってしまうこともあります。
介護サービスの自己負担額には上限が設けられています。
一つの世帯において2人以上介護が必要な人がいる場合は、介護サービス合算することができます。例えば夫婦でサービスを利用して合わせた金額が、上限以上になったとします。するとその上限を超えた分の費用は払い戻されることになります。
とは言っても、世帯分離で別世帯になってしまった場合には合算ができずに高くなってしまうケースもありますので注意しましょう。こちらも事前に計算し確認しておきましょう。
デメリット③家族(子)の社会保険による扶養に入れなくなってしまう
高齢者の方の中には、家族(子)の扶養に入っている方も多くいらっしゃいます。
扶養家族がいるために、税金が安くなることや社会保険料が減額されたるなどの利点があります。
ところが、世帯分離をした場合には扶養控除が利用できなくなります。扶養の要件の中に「生計を一にしていること」という項目があるため、扶養にはいれなくなってしまいます。また控除もできなくなるリスクもあります。
まとめ
![](https://kaigo-sodan.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/picture_pc_69fdc9f6860212507cacfb9d06ed87be.webp)
介護保険の負担を考えた世帯分離は違法な手段ではありません。必要な方が利用することで介護保険料が安くなったり、家計の節約につながる場合もあります。しかり、世帯分離を行うことによるメリットとデメリットもあります。メリットとデメリットを考えた上で世帯分離の手続きを検討していく必要がありますが、保険の計算は個人でおこなうには難しい場合もあります。専門家に相談し、一緒に検討していくことをおすすめします。
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