介護をしている家族のためのケア、レスパイトケアとは？
子育てにおいては子どもの成長に伴って一定のゴール地点が明確ですが、介護においてはゴールが全く見えない状況が続きます。
介護がいつまで続くのか分からないため、介護者である家族は休息がとれず気持ちに余裕がない状態になることが多い傾向にあります。
医療や福祉においては本人だけではなく家族のケアも不可欠であるという観点から、レスパイトケアという言葉が使われています。
レスパイトとは、休息・小休止という意味があります。
介護者が一時的に介護から離れて休息をとることで、介護の協力者や社会資源の利用によって必要なサポートを受けることが可能となります。
今回は、介護保険サービスを活用した介護者向けのレスパイトケアについて紹介していきます。
介護保険サービスなので、被介護者が要介護認定を受けていることが条件となりますが、要支援・要介護度によって利用可能なサービスの種類や量が異なります。
目次
訪問介護（ホームヘルプサービス）
自宅に訪問介護員（ホームヘルパー）が訪問するサービスで、時間は１回１時間程度です。
外出や気分転換が図れるため、孤独感や閉塞感から解放される効果が期待できます。
被介護者にとっては介護者以外との関わりを持つ機会になるため、双方にとって身体面・メンタル面において大きなメリットを得られるでしょう。
通所介護（デイサービス）
施設の送迎で、被介護者が日中を自宅ではなく施設で過ごすサービスです。
訪問介護と異なり家族から離れる時間が長いので、介護者は時間の確保が可能になります。
被介護者がデイサービスを利用している間は介護から手が離れるので、介護者は外出や趣味の時間を過ごすなど自由な時間を過ごすことができます。
デイサービスでは、食事などのサポートのほかにリハビリやレクリエーションなどの活動があります。
曜日によって実施されているプログラムが異なっている場合もあるので、事前に確認しておくことをおすすめします。
体験利用も可能なので、気になる場合は担当のケアマネージャーに相談してみましょう。
短期入所生活介護（ショートステイ）
１日もしくは数日間、被介護者が施設に入所できるサービスです。
介護者は、夜のケアをする必要がないので睡眠時間の確保につながります。
食事・排泄・夜間の様子など普段の自宅生活とは異なる様子を知ることができるので、今後のケアのヒントを得られる良い機会にもなります。
今後の施設入所・入居の必要性が確認できるので、介護者にはおすすめのサービスです。
自宅以外の場所に宿泊するので介護者・被介護者ともに不安が大きいかもしれませんが、施設職員は介護のプロなので安心してお任せしましょう。
状況に応じて適切な選択をしながら、在宅生活の継続を図っていけるといいですね。
その他のサービス
自治体や病院などで開催されている介護者向けのサポートとして、家族会や介護予防教室などがあります。
家族会では、介護者と被介護者が一緒に参加できるプログラムも開催されているので、リフレッシュや情報収集の場として参加してみられるといいでしょう。
オンラインで実施されている場合もあるので、自宅にいながらの参加が可能となります。
日時や内容はそれぞれで異なっているので、事前に確認されることをおすすめします。
さいごに
在宅介護においては、被介護者だけではなく介護者に適切なケアの活用が必要です。
医療や福祉においては、人生の質・生活の質・人生の幸福度を表す言葉に「ＱＯＬ（クオリティーオブライフ）」という言葉があります。
介護者のレスパイトケアは、被介護者と介護者のＱＯＬの維持・向上という観点においても大きな意味を持っています。
より快適な在宅介護生活の実現に向けて、介護保険を活用したサービスを取り入れていきましょう。
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
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