【高齢者を狙う詐欺】振り込め詐欺から親を守るには?
高齢の親に対し、振り込め詐欺やオレオレ詐欺と言った、特殊詐欺に対する対策を考えたことはありますか。関係ないと思っていた方が、被害者になってしまうというケースは非常に多いものです。この記事では、特殊詐欺から高齢の親を守るための情報をまとめています。
目次
特殊詐欺にはこんな手口が?!
電話をかけるなどし、犯人が、被害者に対面することなく信頼させ、預貯金口座を指定し、振込みをさせたり、その他の方法で、不特定多数の人から、現金等をだまし取る犯罪のことを特殊詐欺と呼びます。オレオレ詐欺はご存じの方も多いはずですが、実は他にも次のような物があります。
・オレオレ詐欺
親族や警察官、被害者や弁護士などを装い、親族が起こしてしまった設定のもと、事件・事故に見立てて、示談金などを名目として、金銭を脅し取ったり、騙し取ったりする手口です。
・キャッシュカード詐欺盗
銀行協会、銀行員、大手百貨店の職員や警察官を装って、被害者に電話をかけ「あなたのキャッシュカードが不正に利用されている」と言った設定のもの、キャッシュカードを準備させ、隙を見るなどし、キャッシュカードを窃盗する手口です。
・預貯金詐欺
親族、警察官、銀行協会員等を装って、「銀行口座が犯罪に利用されている、あなたのキャッシュカードを交換する必要がある」といった設定でクレジットカードやキャッシュカード、銀行等の預貯金通帳を脅し取る（騙し取る）手口です。
・還付金詐欺
税金還付金等に必要な手続きを装って、被害者にATMを操作させます。口座間で送金をさせ、財産上、不法に利益を得る手口です。
・架空料金請求詐欺
架空の未払い料金を請求とすることを口実とし、金銭を騙し取る（脅し取る）手口を言います。
・金融商品詐欺
未公開株や投資、商品購入に関するパンフレット・ハガキ・SMSが請求もしていないのに、突然届きます。その後、犯人から商品に関する詳細電話がかかってきます。
お得かもしれないと思わせる情報を言葉巧みに話し、高額で被害者に買わせ、金銭を騙し取る手口です。
※他にも特殊詐欺に分類されるものはありますが、特に、高齢者がターゲットとされ、狙われやすい手口について挙げています。
特殊犯罪から親を守るための具体的な対策とは
高齢者をターゲットとした、特殊犯罪の件数は、年々増える傾向にあります。(*1)
そんな環境から家族を守るためには、どのような対策がとれるのでしょうか。実際に今日からおこなうことができるものも含め、次のような対策をおすすめします。
お金の話が出たら、家族に相談する
「還付金の受け取り」「示談金が必要」など、お金の話がでたら、まずは家族に相談しましょう。特に、急な事故で・身内が犯罪を犯してなど、被害者をパニックに陥らせ、現実かどうかの区別がつかない心理状態に陥れることが目的ですから、まず焦る前に、家族や身内に確認するように、親子で相談しておきましょう。
常に留守番電話機能を設定しておく
留守番電話にセットしておくことで、犯人は声が録音される事を嫌がるため、電話を切ります。そのため、直接電話をせずに済みます。「振り込め詐欺・悪質商法などの対策のため、在宅中でも留守番電話に設定しております。お手数ですが、発信音の後に、御用件をお話しください。」といった留守番電話のメッセ―ジを録音しておくことも有効です。
迷惑電話防止機器を利用する
迷惑電話防止機器には、電話の着信時に、電話の相手方に警告音声を発する機能を持ち、、通話中に自動的に通話内容を録音する機能があります。他にも、、迷惑電話番号からの電話を自動判別し、着信を拒否する機能を持ち合わせているものもあります。(*2)
公的機関の名を出されても信用しない
●●警察署や××市役所など、公的機関の名前を出されると、つい、信頼してしまうかもしれません。そのような場合も、必ず一度電話を切り、電話帳に乗っている公的機関の代表番号にかけなおす習慣をつけるようにします。
銀行口座の送金金額の上限を設定する
ATMなどで、送金できる金額の上限は決めることができます。あらかじめ10万円以下など、銀行口座の送金金額を低めに設定しておきましょう。
あなたは、特殊詐欺に気づけますか？
特殊詐欺について、こんなに手口もあかされているんだから、「私は、絶対に詐欺にひっかからない」とお思いでしょうか。そんな方が、ある日突然ターゲットにされ、被害にあうことがあります。ここでは、ありがちな特殊詐欺の2例をご紹介します。
Aさんの事例
夫は施設に入所中で、実質ひとり暮らしのAさん。年末になり、住んでいる役所の保険年金課と呼ばれる、年金担当の部署から自宅に電話がかかってきた。
詐欺師：今年度の年金について、支給が一部未払いとなっている方がいることが発覚しました、A様は、その年金未払いの対象者となります。大変お手数ですが、早急に手続きをしていただけますでしょうか。
Aさん：そんな案内、受け取っていませんが。
詐欺師：以前に黄色の封筒を送りましたが、ご確認されていませんでしたか？受け取り期限が、明日までとなっているので、急きょお電話しています。
Aさん：そうなんですね。見落としていたかもしれません…。
詐欺師：お近くのATMでしたら、すぐにお手続きができます。今から携帯電話を持って、ATMに向かっていただけますでしょうか。着いたらお電話いただければ、すぐわかるように、操作方法を説明します。
Aさんは指定されたコンビニエンスストアのATMへいきました。
Aさん：今、コンビニエンスストアのATMにいます。
詐欺師：ありがとうございます。私が言ったとおりにボタンを押してください。
Aさん：言われたとおりに入力しました。無事に受け取れてるかな？
※Aさんは、犯人にお金を振り込んでしまいました。
Bさんの事例
詐欺師：●●警察の捜査第二課の●●です。特殊詐欺グループについて捜査しているのですが、あなたの銀行口座が不正に悪用されていることが発覚しました。
Bさん：え！それは、困ったな…どうしたらいいんですか。
詐欺師：大丈夫です、ご心配なさらないでください。銀行口座の保護申請の手続きがあります。そのため、キャッシュカードを確認したいので、ご自宅に伺ってもよろしいですか？
Bさん：はい、よろしくおねがいします。
ニセの警察官とニセ銀行職員が自宅に訪問
詐欺師：ここで手続きを行いますので、この封筒にキャッシュカードと暗証番号を書いたメモを入れてください。
Bさん：はい、こちらになります。
詐欺師：封筒には割印が必要となります。印鑑を持ってきてください。
Bさん：お待ちいただけますか、今持ってきます。
詐欺師：印鑑を取りに戻るなど、目を離したタイミングで
偽物のキャッシュカードが入った封筒と、本物のキャッシュカードが入った封筒をすり替える
詐欺師：割印ありがとうございます。手続完了の連絡がくるまで、封筒を開かず、大切に保管してください。
Bさん：これで、安心だな…。
※偽物のキャッシュカードが入った封筒を受け取ったことに気付いていないBさん。
まとめ
特殊詐欺にはさまざまな種類のものがあります。そのなかでも高齢者をターゲットとしたオレオレ詐欺や還付金詐欺は、対面せずともＡＴＭ等に誘導され被害を受ける場合があります。高齢者家族を、特殊詐欺から守るためには、留守番電話機の設置や銀行口座送金の設定など具体的な対策を講じることができます。本人と話し合って、ぜひ対策を練ってみましょう。
参考サイト
(*1)法務省.“令和２年版 犯罪白書”.
(*2)全国防犯協会連合会.公益財団法人全国防犯協会連合会推奨「優良迷惑電話防止機器」（優良防犯電話）について)
「今後の生活環境が変わる事への不安」や「介護を使って生活をどうデザインをしていったら良いか」など介護は協力体制で成り立っております。 ちょっとでも解決できる、ストレス軽減できる記事を目指し、一つの相談場所のメディアを目指しております。
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